advicesheet
S1Electives
Electives bda advice sheet (S1)2
Why choose anoverseas electiveinstead of adomestic elective?· To experience another culture -
it is a great opportunity to gaininsight into and empathy withpatients and colleagues fromdifferent cultures.
· To see different conditions orpatterns of disease - you may seeconditions not prevalent in theUK.
· To gain further clinicalexperience - there maysometimes be an opportunity tosee, or in some cases perform,procedures which at home youwould at best observe from adistance.
· To gain a global perspective - anoverseas elective will help tobroaden your knowledge andgive you a greater insight intoworld dental health priorities,allowing you to comparemethods of health care deliveryaround the world.
· To collect data for a comparativestudy, this might be acontinuation of a researchproject already started withinyour dental school.
Why choose adomestic electiveinstead of anoverseaselective?· To gain insight into specialist
practice - it may give you aunique opportunity to gain first-hand experience in specialistfields.
· To gain insight into the differentcareer options available todentists
© BDA September 2006
· You may be able to gainexperience in a new area ofpractice such as:
Community DentistryCorporate DentistryDental DefenceOrganisationsDental JournalismDental ResearchDentistry within the ArmedForcesForensic DentistryGeneral Dental PracticeHomeopathic DentistryIndustrial DentistrySpecialist Dental PracticeVeterinary Dentistry
· To save money - a domesticelective is likely to be a lotcheaper than going overseas.
· Geographical restraints - itmight be that the researchthat you want to take part inis only being carried out inthe UK.
Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 3
© BDA September2006
DomesticElectives When Should I Start Planning?
The BDA recommends that you startplanning your domestic elective atleast 7-9 months before you are dueto start. This may seem like a longtime, but you are likely to find thatsome popular placements startgetting booked up well in advanceand there will be plenty to organiseeven if you are not going abroad.
Correspondence is likely to bequicker for domestic electives thanfor overseas. However, the lack of atimely acceptance letter could meanthat you miss out on awards andscholarships available to you.
What are my options?
As with any prospective electiveplacement, you should ideally checkits suitability with your supervisoror school regulations, beforecontacting your host.
There are a number of sectors ofdentistry that might be able to offeryou a domestic elective, some moreunusual than others. The list belowshould help you focus on an areathat might be of interest to you, orat least give you some ideas.
Armed Forces
There is no formal placementsystem within the Armed Forces,however, they do occasionally offer'one-off ' placements on request.
Please write to:
Defence Dental ServicesRAF HaltonAylesburyBuckinghamshire HP22 5PG
T: 01296 623535
Community Dental Services
You should check with yoursupervisor to see whether your dentalschool has links with your localCommunity Dental Service. If not,contact the Head of Dental Serviceswithin the Primary Care Trust / LocalHealth Board of your choice.
Dental Corporate Bodies
Your supervisor may know of paststudents who have gainedplacements with Dental CorporateBodies in the UK. If not, it is worththinking about putting together aformal speculative letter and sendingit to a number of organisations. Afull list of Dental Corporate Bodiesand their contact details is availablefrom the General Dental Council's(GDC) website www.gdc-uk.org.
Dental Defence Organisations
It may be possible to arrange aplacement within one of the dentaldefence organisations. At presentthere are no formal placementschemes in the UK, however, theymay be willing to give 'one-off 'placements.
Dental Defence Union - www.the-ddu.com
Dental Protection -www.dentalprotection.org
Medical and Dental Defence Unionof Scotland - www.mddus.com
Dental Journalism
It may be possible to organise aplacement with a dental journal or
magazine. It is worth contactingindividual dental publishers as theymay be willing to offer a placement.The British Dental Journal does notcurrently offer placements.
Dental Research
It is likely that your supervisor willbe able to give you the contactdetails of anyone carrying outrelevant research at your dentalschool. It is also worth contactingother UK dental schools if youwould like to experience life inanother city or university.
Forensic Dentistry
It may be possible to organise aplacement with a forensic dentist.For up to date contact details visitthe Forensic Dentistry website -www.forensicdentistryonline.org
General Dental Services
If you want to gain some experiencein general dental practice youshould ask your supervisor whetherhe/she knows of any GDPs in thearea that have offered placements inthe past. It may be that you will haveto write speculative letters. For a listof all the GDPs in the UK werecommend that you look at theGeneral Dental Council's website -www.gdc-uk.org.
Homeopathic Dentistry
You may be able to arrange aplacement with a homeopathicdentist. For up to date contactdetails visit the BritishHomeopathic Dental Association'swebsite - www.bhda.org.uk
Hospital Dental Services
If you are interested in hospitaldentistry you are advised to speakwith your supervisor who may havesome established contacts, orcontact other dental hospitals foradvice and information.
Industrial Dentistry
Some large companies have in housedentists and may consider takingstudents for short placements.
Electives bda advice sheet (S1)4
Specialist Dental Practice
The General Dental Council(www.gdc-uk.org) has establishedspecialist lists for the followingspecialties:
· Oral Surgery (the academicspeciality)
· Surgical Dentistry
· Dental Public Health
· Orthodontics
· Paediatric Dentistry
· Restorative Dentistry, and itsmono-specialties
· Endodontics
· Periodontics
· Prosthodontics
· Oral Medicine
· Oral Microbiology
· Oral Pathology
· Dental and MaxillofacialRadiology
University Teaching
Your supervisor will be able to giveyou the contact details of anyonewithin your dental school who iswilling to be shadowed. If it is notpossible to gain a placement withinyour dental school try contactingother schools for options.
Risk Assessment
The BDA recommends that all UKdental placements be assessed andapproved by your university/dentalschool and a risk assessmentcompleted as with any overseasplacement.
Make sure you talk everythingthrough with your elective co-ordinator and keep theminformed throughout the process.
© BDA September 2006
OverseaselectivesWhen Should I Start Planning?
The BDA recommends that you startthinking about your project andpotential destinations at least a yearbefore you go and start detailedplanning at least 9 months beforeyou are due to leave. This may seem along time, but you are likely to findthat placements in some popularlocations are already taken and thewhole organising process takeslonger than expected. There are oftenunexpected delays and you shouldplan for these in your schedule.
Correspondence can take months,depending on communication links,and it is sometimes not possible toapply for grants or scholarships untilyou have a firm acceptance.Grant/Scholarship Committees onlymeet at certain times of the year, anda lack of a timely acceptance lettercould mean that you miss out onfunding available to you.
Be prepared for unexpected delayswith visas and passports. It is alsogood to know that if your plans fallthrough there is plenty of time tomake alternative arrangements.
What do I needto do first?Speak to your elective co-ordinator
Most schools have a member of staffon hand to supervise and help withelective planning. Make sure youcontact the person in your schoolearly on and attend any electiveevenings or seminars. You willusually be given the school'sguidelines or regulations regardingelective placements, together with ahost of ideas and tips for planningand a timetable of deadlines.
Think about where you want togo and what you want to do
You may already have a good idea,but if not, see what information isavailable from your dental school.They may have a central register,with up to date contacts and copiesof previous students' electivereports. Staff may be involved withoverseas research projects or havecontact with overseas dentalschools. Ask students who have beenon their electives for advice andrecommendations on places to goand hear about their experiencesfirst hand.
Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 5
Host National Dental Associationscan provide useful and up-to-dateinformation. The FDI World DentalFederation has 152 National DentalAssociation members and 35International Dental Associationmembers - www.fdiworldental.org
The International Association ofDental Students (IADS) is anothersource of information when decidingon a destination. IADS representsaround 90,000 students worldwideand works in collaboration with theWorld Health Organisation - www.iads-web.org
You can also read about the electiveexperiences of dental students fromschools across the UK in theLaunchpad area of the BDA website,www.bda.org. As well as viewinghighlights from the latest edition,you can also search through thearchives to find articles about electivedestinations from previous editions.
Exchange programmes
Socrates - Erasmus -www.erasmus.ac.uk
"European Community ActionScheme for the Mobility of UniversityStudents" is the EuropeanCommission's educationalprogramme for Higher Educationstudents, teachers and institutions. It
Risk Assessment Checklist for Foreign Travel Reproduced courtesy of Bristol Dental School
· Relevant travel advice from the Foreign Office.
· Valid passport which complies with entry criteria.
· Visas and other documentation for travel.
· Medical advice e.g. from Student Health Serviceand Department of Health, on vaccinations,immunisations, first aid etc.
· Advice on appropriate items for first aid kits isavailable from the Student Health Service andGeneral Practitioners. Some chemists andspecialist travel shops sell kits for tropicalcountries.
· Climatic extremes, cultural and local informationas appropriate.
· Contact with animals (wild or domestic) -allergies, asthma, bites, rabies etc.
· Contact with insects - bites/stings, yellow fever,malaria, Lymes disease.
· Contact with reptiles - snakes/scorpions.Availability of antidotes/medical backup.
· Contaminated drinking water - purificationtablets.
· Electricity - compatibility of equipment andsupply etc.
· Emergencies (include fire) - arrangements andprocedures, first aid provision, help numbers etc.
· Legal differences - local codes/guidance (localstandards, local statute).
· Natural phenomena - avalanche, earthquake,volcanoes etc.
· Transportation - competent drivers, hazardousterrain, maintenance of vehicles etc.
· Adequate insurance: medical emergency & travelexpenses, personal liability, premature return,rearrangement and replacement, baggage andpersonal effects, hijack or travel delay, additionalcover for partners, accident and illness.
· Copy of relevant insurance information, range ofcover, emergency numbers.
was introduced in 1987 with the aimof increasing student mobility withinthe European Community,subsequently the European EconomicArea countries, and now also theAssociated Countries of Central andEastern Europe, Cyprus and Malta.
Your university will need to sign anagreement to take part in Erasmusand also be willing to accept studentsfrom abroad, as it is a reciprocalarrangement. Placements last aminimum of three months but somedental schools will allow students toeffectively extend or substitute theirelective period, as long as certaincourse requirements are met.Language classes are also oftenoffered free of charge. Taking part inan Erasmus exchange can be a greatopportunity, but it is not suited toeveryone, please visit the website forfurther information.
Political climate - is it safe to go?
The choice of destinations is wide,however, the location should bechosen with your own personal safetyin mind. Most dental schools haveconditions and exclusions on certaincountries/regions (e.g. Sub-SaharanAfrica), so make sure you check theseearly on to avoid later disappointment.
The Foreign and CommonwealthOffice website has up to date
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Electives bda advice sheet (S1)6
© BDA September 2006
information on the current politicalclimates around the world and youshould check with them if you are atall unsure - www.fco.gov.uk/travel.
What are the risks involved?
Many dental schools now requirestudents to complete a formal riskassessment before travelling toensure that any risks have beenconsidered and dealt with orminimised. An example checklist isgiven on page 5.
Is it right for me?
Countries vary enormously in thedental treatment needs of thepopulation, facilities available andthe living and working conditionsthat students can expect.
· What kind of dental experienceam I looking for?
· What kind of organisation do Iwant to go to e.g. university,charity?
· What is the duration of myelective period?
· What are my financialconstraints?
· Are there any language barriers?
· What's the climate like?
It is also worth asking yourselfwhether you have the emotionaltemperament to deal with theconditions you are likely toexperience. If you are planning to goalone, you should also think aboutwhether you will be happy withyour own company for prolongedperiods of time. In some places, itwill be easy to meet and socialisewith other students or staff, but thisis not always the case and it's worthchecking out before you arrangeanything.
What next?
Contact your host
Once you have decided on apreferred topic and location(s), youobviously need to get in touch withyour potential host/supervisor to
see if it will be possible. It may bethat you are given a contact namefirst and then agree on a project, orapproach a number of potentialhosts with your project ideas to finda suitable match. Try not to be toofixed in your ideas. Unless you arevery lucky, it is likely to take sometime and you may have tocompromise slightly to find the best match.
Once you have managed to find aproject and host supervisor, you'llneed to get your dental school'sapproval. Many elective co-ordinatorsprefer students to keep them informedthroughout to avoid any problemswith approval later on in the process,so it's important you are aware of yourschool's regulations/procedure.
Most dental schools will require youto write some kind of protocol withdetails of your planned project,methods, location, supervision,ethical considerations etc. It's worthtaking time to complete thisproperly, as many elective awardsrequire a protocol for entry, and itcan simply be tailored to meet theaward requirements.
What are the immigration/visaregulations?
Once you have decided on a location,you should check any visa or workpermit requirements with thecountry's embassy well in advance.Visa applications can take months, somake sure you leave enough time.
Embassy World is a directory andsearch engine of the world's embassiesand consulates and is well worthconsulting - www.embassyworld.com
Remember, some countries alsorequire you to have a minimumamount of time left on yourpassport before it expires. TheUnited Kingdom Passport Officewebsite contains a lot of usefulinformation - www.ukpa.gov.uk.
Where can I get help withfunding?
Paying for an elective can be difficulton a dental student's budget. Youneed to think about the cost offlights/travel, accommodation andfood, visa, travel insurance, tuitionfees (some universities will charge
7
© BDA September 2006
Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 7
elective students) and obviously,socialising, amongst others, sounless you are one of the lucky fewwith savings or parents willing tohelp out, you will need to consideralternative sources of funding. Thereare a number of options available.
Awards, Grants andScholarships
A number of associations andorganisations offer elective prizesand awards.
Many of them receive far fewerapplications than you expect, becausemost people assume there's a lot ofwork involved or they have no chanceof winning. Most awards simply askfor details of the proposed project(your protocol) and projected costs,although a few may require moredetailed information. So, it's worthpreparing a standard protocol andbudget that can be tailored to meet therequirements of individual awards.It's also important that you checkwhether funds (typically between £250
and £1000) are awarded before or afteryou return from your elective, so youcan budget accordingly.
Below are a number of societies andtrusts, who offer elective awards. Wewould advise that you visit theirwebsites for further information oneach award, application proceduresand closing dates. Please note thatwhere the societies' / trusts' homepage is listed it is advisable to searchfor details under their grants orawards sections.
Society / Trust Name of Award / Website / Contact detailsPrize
British Endodontic Society British Endodontic Prize www.britishendodonticsociety.org/awards.htm#elective
British Medical & Elective Award T: 0141 221 5858Dental Students Trust (BMDST)
British Orthodontic Laurence Usiskin www.bos.org.uk/bos/prizes.htmlSociety Student Elective Prize
British Society for British Society for Disability www.bdsh.org.uk/home/prize.htmDisability and Oral Health and Oral Health Prize
The British Society The British Society for www.b-s-h.org.ukfor Haematology Haematology Student
Scholarship
British Society for Frank Ashley Undergraduate www.bsperio.orgPeriodontology Prize
Dental Defence Union Elective Competition www.the-ddu.com
Dental Protection Elective Protocol Prize www.dentalprotection.org
Dental Protection The Premier Initiative www.dentalprotection.org
Emmanuel Healthcare EMMS International Student Elective Bursaries www.emms.org
Pathological Society Pathological Society of Great www.pathsoc.org.ukof Great Britain Britain Bursaries
Winston Churchill Travelling Fellowships www.wcmt.org.ukMemorial Trust
Electives bda advice sheet (S1)8
© BDA September 2006
Medical Cover
The BDA strongly recommends thatyou take out comprehensive travelinsurance wherever you go in theworld. We also recommend that youcheck your policy will cover you forall the activities that you areplanning to do whilst away,including 'dangerous sports' e.g.sailing, rock climbing, white waterrafting or scuba diving.
A word of warning from theDepartment of Health:
'Take advice from your doctor andtravel agent; and obtain informationfrom the Tourist Office, Embassy orHigh Commission of your destinationcountry to ensure that before you setout from the United Kingdom, youfully understand what obtainingemergency medical treatment in thatcountry might involve.
You can rarely expect to be treated insuch a straightforward manner asunder the National Health Service.You may find yourself dealing withtotally unfamiliar official systemsthat can involve a great deal of timeand effort on your part.
Above all, in most countries aroundthe world you will have to pay - oftenlarge amounts - for what may seem tobe relatively minor treatment.'
Elective Travel Insurance
BDA Plus, the BDA's insurance andfinancial service provider canarrange elective travel insurance atcompetitive rates. For a free quote,call BDA Plus on T: 0845 130 1366or visit: www.bda.org/bdaplus.
Electives inside the EU
We would strongly recommend thatyou apply for a European HealthInsurance Card (EHIC), whichentitles you to reduced-cost,sometimes free, medical treatmentthat becomes necessary while you'rein a European Economic Area(EEA) country or Switzerland.
The EEA consists of the EuropeanUnion (EU) countries plus Iceland,Liechtenstein and Norway.Switzerland applies the EHIC
British Medical and DentalStudents' Trust (BMDST)
The BDA contributes to theBMDST, a trust set up to help fundoverseas electives for medical anddental students around the UK.
Applications are judged twice a year,with closing dates in January and July.For more information, please contactthe BMDST on 0141-221-5858.
Bank Loans
While we would never advisestudents to increase their levels ofdebt by taking out a bank loan, werealise that it is often the onlyoption if you definitely want to goahead with a trip that is outsideyour normal budget. Most highstreet banks will offer loans at acompetitive interest rate, usually tobe paid back at a fixed rate aftergraduation. It is worth shoppingaround for the best deal, terms andconditions and interest rate.
Sponsorship/Donations
You may be able to get sponsorship,in the form of products, or adonation from commercialcompanies and dental equipmentmanufacturers, particularly if yourelective is relevant to their businessactivities. It's easy to draft a letterthat can be sent out to a number ofcompanies, but it's worth notingthat these companies may beinundated with requests and have apolicy against meeting individualsponsorship requests.
A large number of companies thatsupply dental products/services aremembers of the British DentalTrade Association -www.bdta.org.uk. A list of all oftheir members is available online. Ifyou are successful in obtaining freesamples/products, or are asked tobring any supplies with you, makesure you check the laws andregulations regarding import andexport of goods with the customsauthorities. HM Customs & Excisestrongly recommend that youcontact the individual country'sembassy in the UK. A list can befound on the Embassy Worldwebsite - www.embassyworld.com.
Medical advice
It is vital that you considerimmunisation requirements beforeembarking on your overseas elective.Most universities have a travel clinicor details of the nearest one, so makesure that you arrange an appointmentwith them, or your GP (giving plentyof time prior to your departure).
Certain countries ask for proof ofimmunity to some infectiousdiseases, such as Yellow Fever or TB.Up to date information on infectiousdisease prevalence andrecommended vaccinations, can alsobe found on the following websites:
World Health Organisation -www.who.int
Department of Health -www.doh.gov.uk/traveladvice
Medical Advisory Service forTravellers Abroad - www.masta.org
Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 9
© BDA September 2006
9
arrangements through an agreementwith the EU. The EHIC is valid in:
The EHIC is free and you can applyfor it online, please visitwww.dh.gov.uk for moreinformation about the card and howto apply for it.
What does the EHIC cover?
The EHIC is normally valid forthree to five years and covers anymedical treatment that becomesnecessary during your trip, becauseof either illness or an accident. Thecard gives access to state-providedmedical treatment only, and you'llbe treated on the same basis as an'insured' person living in thecountry you're visiting. Remember,this might not cover all the thingsyou'd expect to get free of chargefrom the NHS in the UK. You mayhave to make a contribution to thecost of your care. We would adviseyou to take out comprehensivetravel insurance for visits to allcountries, regardless of whether youare covered by your EHIC.
Electives outside the EU
Countries that do have ReciprocalHealth Care Agreements can befound on the Department of HealthWebsite - Health Advice forTravellers. It is worth taking note ofthe documents you will need to
receive medical treatment. Visit:www.dh.gov.uk
Countries that do not haveReciprocal Health Care Agreementsinclude - Switzerland, Turkey,Cyprus, Canada, U.S, Mexico, mostof the islands in the Caribbean, allof the South American nations,every country in the Middle Eastand Africa, all of Asia (includingIndia), Thailand, Japan and HongKong and certain republics of theformer Soviet Union, and the wholeof the pacific region, exceptAustralia and New Zealand.
Indemnity cover
Indemnity cover will provideadvice, legal assistance and financialcover in cases of complaints orclaims of professional negligence.
It is not the same as travel insurance,which covers lost baggage andvaluables, medical expenses etc. Speakto your defence organisation aboutprofessional indemnity cover and getadvice about which aspects of practiceare or are not covered, and in whichcountries, and who to contact foradvice whilst abroad. Membership asa student is free, so there is no reasonnot to join. There are three defenceorganisations in the UK:
Dental Defence Union -www.the-ddu.com
Dental Protection Ltd. -www.dentalprotection.org
Medical and Dental Defence Unionof Scotland - www.mddus.com
If your elective involves thepromotion of oral health it is worththinking about obtaining someteaching aids to overcome possiblelanguage barriers.
There are a number of titles availablefrom a non-profit organisationcalled TALC (Teaching Aids At LowCost - www.talcuk.org).
· The Market Dentist & OtherStories - Illustrated Children'sBook
· Where There is No Dentist -Practical information and tips
Just before you go
Make sure your host is still expectingyou. Students have arrived at theirdestination only to find that theirhost has left, gone on holiday, orsimply isn't expecting them and hasnothing arranged. If that doeshappen, contact your dental school.They are relying on you to actresponsibly and keep them informedand it's unlikely to mean that you'llhave a holiday instead!
Personal safety
Tell someone exactly where you aregoing and when you expect toreturn to the UK and make sure youcan be contacted whilst overseas.
· Mobile Phones - Most handsetsare dual or tri-band and havethe capabilities to be usedoverseas. Contact your serviceprovider for more information.
· Email - Set up a mobile emailaccount with a reputableprovider. A lot are free of chargeand there are a large number oforganisations currently offeringaccounts. Examples includeYahoo! Mail and Hotmail.
· Ask your hosts for any practicalinformation about yourdestination. E.g. are there anycash-points near to myaccommodation/work-place?
Accommodation
· Be wary of gas heaters in yourhotel, hostel or lodgings. Faultygas heaters can emit carbonmonoxide, which has no smelland is deadly poisonous ifinhaled. Carbon Monoxidedetector patches and alarms canbe purchased at a small cost fromDIY stores.
Hiring a car
· If you are going to hire a car youshould check that it has beenregularly serviced and that youare hiring from a reputable
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus (butnot NorthernCyprus)
CzechRepublic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Everything is organised, nothingcan possibly go wrong, or can it?Things to think about:
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© BDA September 2006
organisation.You should also takeout further insurance andcomprehensive breakdown cover.
· Once you have hired a car youshould regularly check the tyrepressure and oil regularly. Makesure you are parking the car in asafe place and do not leave anyvaluables in the car.
· You should consider locking thedoors and windows when instop/go traffic and never pick uphitchhikers. Park in public orlight places as near to yourdestination as possible.
· Any routes should be planned inadvance and by way of cautionyou should plan alternatives justin case. You should checkwhether the route is safe and tellpeople when you expect toarrive at your destination.
Taking public transport/taxis
Taxis
· If possible book your taxi inadvance by telephone and ask forthe driver's name. Do not getinto a taxi you have not asked for.
· If you cannot hail a licensed cab,carry the telephone number of areputable taxi company. It isworth getting recommendationsfrom your hosts.
Trains
· Wait for your train in a well-litpublic area.
· Avoid compartments that haveno access to corridors or that areempty.
· If you feel threatened or there isan incident act immediately.
· Valuable items should be kept toa minimum, however if they areessential it is important that youput them in a safe place.
Lost Baggage
Keep money, insurance details,cameras and keys in your handluggage in case of lost baggage.
If your baggage does go missing, gostraight to the airline you havetravelled with and fill out a PropertyIrregularity Report. Most insurancecompanies use this as proof of lossand it is important to hold on tothis. Check with your insurancecompany to see if there is anythingelse they need in order for you tomake a claim and what essentialsyou are entitled to buy under thepolicy.
One of the UK's biggest airlinessuggests the following:
· Take out comprehensive travelinsurance. If you do not, theairline's insurance company willonly compensate you by weightrather than value.
· Take a mental picture or even aphotograph of your baggage andgive this description to theperson who gives you theProperty Irregularity Report tofill out. If your baggage is foundit will be returned to you a lotquicker if you can describe it.
· Individuals should not writetheir address on baggage, but itis well worth writing yourname/dental school or attachingsomething noticeable, forexample, try tying a piece ofcoloured ribbon or string to thehandle. Travellers do not realisethe amount of similar baggagethat gets held up at airports.Something this simple can meanyour baggage gets returned a lotquicker.
Jet Lag
The symptoms of jet lag declineafter a few days as your body clocksynchronises with the new timeclock. You can speed this up by:
· Resting in a quiet darkenedroom when it is time for bed,even if you do not feel tired.
· Starting the day with gentleexercise even if you feel tired.
· Avoiding taking naps.
· Eating meals at correct localtimes.
11
International dialing codes and time zonesDialling codesFirst dial your International Access Code (e.g. 00 in Europe, 011 in the USA) then the country code for the country you require.
Time zonesDaylight saving may affect some time zones and differences may differ slightly from the list below. Remember that working
weeks and times will vary around the world as will religious festivals and other public holidays.
Country
Hours difference from GMT /Universal
Standard Time
Int. Code
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctic Aus Territory
Antigua and Barbuda
Antilles
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Ascension Island
Austria
Azerbaijan
Azores
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Belize
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
+4 1/2
+1
+1
+1
+1
-4
+4 1/2 +10
-4
-4
-3
+4
-4
+8 +10
+1
+1
-1
-5
+3
+6
-4
+2
+1
-6
+1
-4
+6
-4
93
355
213
376
244
1 809
672
1 809
599
54
374
297
247
61
43
994
351
1809
973
890
809
375
32
501
229
1 809
975
591
Country
Hours difference from GMT /Universal
Standard Time
Int. Code
Bosnia
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde Islands
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos Island
Columbia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivorie
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
+1
+2
-3
+8
+2
+2
+7
+1
-3 1/2 - 8
-1
-5
+1
1
-4
+8
+7
+6 1/2
-5
+3
+1
+10 1/2
-6
+1
-5
+2
+1
387
267
55
673
359
226
257
855
237
1
238
1 809
236
235
56
86
672
672
57
269
242
682
506
225
385
53
357
42
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Electives bda advice sheet (S1)12
Country
Hours difference from GMT /Universal
Standard Time
Int. Code
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guyana
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea - Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
+1
+3
-4
-4
-5
+2
-6
+1
+3
+2
+3
-4
+12
+2
+1
-3
+10
+1
+4
+1
+1
+2
-3
-4
-4
-10
-6
-3
-5
-6
+8
+1
+5 1/2
+7 +8
+3 1/2
+3
45
253
1 809
1 809
593
20
503
240
291
372
251
500
298
679
358
33
594
689
241
220
7 & 995
49
233
350
30
299
1 809
590
671
502
224
245
592
509
504
852
36
354
91
62
98
964
Country
Hours difference from GMT /Universal
Standard Time
Int. Code
Ireland Republic of
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast see Coted'Ivorie
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kirghizstan
Kiribati
Korea (North)
Korea (South)
Kuwait
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldavia
Monaco
Mongolia
+2
+1
-5
+9
+2
+5 +6
+3
+3
+12
+9
+9
+3
+7
+2
+2
+2
+1
+1
+2
+1
+8
+1
+3
+2
+8
+5
+1
+12
-4
+4
+3
-6
- 8
+11
+2
+1
+8
353
972
39
225
1 809
81
962
7
254
7
686
850
82
965
856
371
961
266
231
218
423
370
352
853
389
261
265
60
960
223
356
692
596
222
230
269
52
691
373
33 93
976
1 809
© BDA September2006
13
Country
Hours difference from GMT /Universal
Standard Time
Int. Code
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar (Burma)
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands (Holland)
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Pitcairn Island
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
St Helena
St Kitts and Nevis
Samoa (USA)
Samoa Western
San Marino
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
-4
+2
+6 1/2
+2
-12
+5 3/4
+1
-4
+11
6
+1
+1
+1
+4
+5
-5
+10
-4
-5
+8
-8 1/2
+1
+1
-4
+3
+2
+2 1/2 +10
+2
-4
-11
-11
+1
+3
+4
+8
+1
+1
-11
212
258
95
264
674
977
31
599
687
505
227
234
47
968
92
507
675
595
51
63
649
48
361
1 809
974
40
7
250
290
1 809
685
685
378
966
221
248
232
65
42
386
677
252
Country
Hours difference from GMT /Universal
Standard Time
Int. Code
Somalia
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Surinam
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad & Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks & Caicos
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
Uruguay
USA
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (UK)
Virgin Islands (US)
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
+3
+2
+1
+5 1/2
+2
+3
+2
+1
+1
+2
+8
+5
+3
+7
-13
-4
+1
+2
+5
-5
-12
+3
+2
+4
-3
-5 -11
+5 +6
-11
-4
+7
-4
-4
+3
+1
+1
+2
+2
27
34
94
249
597
268
46
41
963
886
7
255
66
228
676
1 809
216
90
7
1 809
688
256
380
971
44
598
1
7
678
58
84
1 80949
1 809
967
381
243
260
263
Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 13
© BDA September 2006
Electives bda advice sheet (S1)14
Area specific weblinksAfrica - Africa Onlinewww.africaonline.com
Australia & New Zealand - TNTwww.tntmagazine.com
Asia - Asia Linkswww.gergo.com/webconnections/asia
Caribbean - Caribbean Onlinewww.caribbean-on-line.com
Central America - Search Beatwww.searchbeat.com/central.htm
Europe - Europe Linkswww.europelinks.ndo.co.uk/tourist.html
India - All India Tour Travel www.all-indiatour-travel.com
South America - Globaldirekt.comwww.globaltelecom.org/samerica.htm
Travellers'ExperiencesTravel Library www.travel-library.com
Virtual Tourist www.virtualtourist.com
Useful ContactsBritish Dental Association (BDA)64 Wimpole StreetLondonW1G 8YS
T: 0207 563 4563F: 0207 487 5232E: [emailprotected]
BDA Northern IrelandThe Mount2 Woodstock LinkBelfastBT6 8DD
T: 02890 735 856F: 02890 735 857
BDA ScotlandForsyth HouseLomond CourtCastle Business ParkStirlingFK9 4TU
T: 01786 433810F: 01786 431810
BDA Wales2 Caspian PointCardiff BayCardiffCF10 4DQ
T: 029 2049 6174F: 029 2049 6984
BDA Plus Finance & InsuranceServicesLloyd & Whyte LtdAffinity HouseBindon RoadTauntonSomersetTA2 6AA
T: 0845 130 1366E: [emailprotected]/bdaplus/
British Dental Trade Association(BDTA)Mineral LaneCheshamBucksHP5 1NL
T: 01494 782873F: 01494 786659E: [emailprotected]
British Medical and Dental Students'Trust (BMDST)C/o Medical and Dental Defence Union ofScotlandMackintosh House120 Blythswood StreetGlasgow G2 4EA
T: 0141 221 5858
Dental Defence Union (DDU)230 Blackfriars RdLondonSE1 8PJ
T: 0207 202 1500www.the-ddu.com
Dental Protection Ltd (DPL)33 Cavendish SquareLondonW1G 0PS
T: 0207 399 1400www.dentalprotection.org
Department of Health - Travel AdviceRichmond House79 WhitehallLondonSW1A 2NL
T: 0207 210 4850E: [emailprotected]
Embassy Worldwww.embassyworld.com
FDI World Dental Federation13 Chemin du LevantL'Avant CentreF-01210 Ferney-Voltaire
www.fdiworldental.org
Foreign and Commonwealth Office -Travel Advice UnitConsular DirectorateOld Admiralty BuildingLondon SW1A 2PA
T: 0870 6060290F: 020 7008 0155E: [emailprotected]/travel
International Association of DentalStudents (IADS)c/o FDI World Federation13 Chemin du LevantL'Avant CentreF-01210 Ferney-Voltairewww.iads-web.org
Medical Advisory Service forTravellers Abroad (MASTA)Moorfield RoadYeadonLeedsLS19 7BN
T: 0113 238 7575F: 0113 238 7501E: [emailprotected]
© BDA September2006
15
Medical and Dental Defence Union ofScotland (MDDUS)Mackintosh House120 Blythswood StreetGlasgow G2 4EA
T: 0141 221 5858F: 0141 228 1208www.mddus.com
Socrates-ErasmusUK Socrates-Erasmus CouncilRothfordGiles LaneCANTERBURYKent CT2 7LR
T: 01227 762712F: 01227 762711E: [emailprotected]
UK Passport ServiceT: 0870 521 0410W: www.ukpa.gov.uk
Weather websiteswww.bbc.uk/weatherwww.weather.com
World Health Organisation (WHO)20 Avenue AppiaCH-1211 Geneva 27
T: (41) 22 791 21 11F: (41) 22 791 31 11E: [emailprotected]
Although every care has been taken in compiling thisadvice sheet, and the contents are believed correctat time of print, the British Dental Association cannotaccept responsibility for errors, omissions, orchanges in details given.
Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 15
© BDA September 2006
British Dental Association ● 64 Wimpole Street ● London W1G 8YS ● Tel: 020 7563 4563 ● Fax: 020 7487 5232
● E-mail: [emailprotected] ● © BDA September 2006